![]() ![]() The Turing test is not without its detractors, who have pointed out several problems. If the interrogator cannot distinguish computer from human with better than 70% accuracy after 5 minutes of interacting with each participant, then the computer has passed the test. The interrogator can say or ask anything, but all interaction is solely through typed text. ![]() A human interrogator is tasked with determining which of two chat-room participants is a computer, and which is a real human. In 1950, British mathematician Alan Turing wrote a paper, titled “ Computing Machinery and Intelligence“, in which he examined the question, “Can machines think?” Turing’s answer was yes, and he predicted that, by as early as the beginning of the 21 st century, machines would be able to pass a test of intelligence that he proposed, now famously known as the Turing test. What do we know now that the founders of AI didn’t know back then? The answer, interestingly, can be found in a paper that pre-dates the official founding of AI. And yet, with every new achievement, there is a mood of cautious optimism rather than exuberance, and AI skeptics abound. The founders of AI, who coined the term in 1956, would have been astounded by the list of achievements accomplished by computers to date. In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue computer defeated reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov, winning 3½ to 2½ in a six-game match. In 2007, checkers was pronounced to be “solved” - a computer program had been developed that could never be beaten. In 2011, IBM’s Watson computer handily defeated two of the world’s best human Jeopardy! players in a televised match. Similarly, in 2005, five such cars successfully navigated a 132-mile desert course. ![]() In 2007, six different driverless cars successfully completed the “Grand Challenge” organized by DARPA (the US government agency that funded the invention of the Internet), which entailed navigating a 60-mile simulated urban course. This year, Google’s self-driving car was granted a special license plate by the State of Nevada, allowing it to operate on public roads in the state. It would seem that the quest to create human-level artificial intelligence (AI) is making astounding progress, and the end is in sight. A program that trounces the best human players at Jeopardy! A machine that defeats the world champion at chess. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |